溴化鋰直燃(ran)機，簡稱(cheng)溴冷(leng)機，是目前世界上常見的吸收(shou)式制冷(leng)機。

　　在(zai)真空(kong)(kong)條件下(xia)(xia)，溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)化(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)吸(xi)收式(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)機以(yi)(yi)水(shui)為(wei)(wei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)，以(yi)(yi)溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)化(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)水(shui)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)(wei)吸(xi)收劑(ji)，產生(sheng)0℃以(yi)(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)低溫(wen)水(shui)，多用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央空(kong)(kong)調系(xi)統。溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)化(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)機利用(yong)(yong)高真空(kong)(kong)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)低沸點(只有(you)4攝氏度(du)(du))來(lai)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)。溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)化(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)機溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)化(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)機，即(ji)溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)化(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)吸(xi)收式(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)機，以(yi)(yi)溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)化(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)水(shui)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)(wei)工質(zhi)，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)為(wei)(wei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)，溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)化(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)為(wei)(wei)吸(xi)收劑(ji)。溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)化(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種鹽，為(wei)(wei)白色晶體(ti)，易(yi)溶(rong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)和(he)酒精(jing)，無毒，化(hua)學性質(zhi)穩定，不會變(bian)質(zhi)。當空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)存在(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)化(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)水(shui)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時，對(dui)鋼有(you)很強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)腐蝕性。溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)化(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)吸(xi)收式(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)機由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)以(yi)(yi)水(shui)為(wei)(wei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)，蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發溫(wen)度(du)(du)在(zai)0℃以(yi)(yi)上，只能用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)空(kong)(kong)調設備(bei)(bei)和(he)生(sheng)產過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)備(bei)(bei)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)。這種冰箱可以(yi)(yi)使用(yong)(yong)75℃以(yi)(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)低壓(ya)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)或(huo)熱(re)(re)水(shui)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)熱(re)(re)源，因此(ci)在(zai)廢氣(qi)、余熱(re)(re)、太(tai)陽能和(he)低溫(wen)熱(re)(re)能的(de)(de)(de)利用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)起著重要作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。在(zai)溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)化(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)吸(xi)收式(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)化(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)水(shui)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)沸點很高，極(ji)難揮發，可以(yi)(yi)認為(wei)(wei)溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)化(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)飽(bao)和(he)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)純水(shui)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi);在(zai)一(yi)定溫(wen)度(du)(du)下(xia)(xia)，溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)化(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)水(shui)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)氣(qi)飽(bao)和(he)分(fen)(fen)壓(ya)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)純水(shui);并(bing)且濃(nong)度(du)(du)越(yue)(yue)高，液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)面(mian)上水(shui)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)飽(bao)和(he)分(fen)(fen)壓(ya)越(yue)(yue)小(xiao)。因此(ci)，在(zai)相(xiang)同(tong)溫(wen)度(du)(du)下(xia)(xia)，溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)化(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)水(shui)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)(du)越(yue)(yue)大，其吸(xi)水(shui)能力越(yue)(yue)強(qiang)。這就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)什么(me)溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)化(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)通常用(yong)(yong)作(zuo)吸(xi)收劑(ji)，水(shui)用(yong)(yong)作(zuo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)。

　　溴化鋰吸(xi)收式制冷(leng)機(ji)主要由發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機(ji)、冷(leng)凝(ning)器(qi)、蒸(zheng)發(fa)(fa)器(qi)、吸(xi)收器(qi)、換(huan)熱器(qi)和循環泵組成(cheng)。

　　在(zai)溴(xiu)化(hua)(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)式(shi)制(zhi)冷機運行(xing)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，當溴(xiu)化(hua)(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)被發(fa)(fa)生器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)媒水(shui)(shui)加熱(re)(re)(re)時(shi)，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)汽(qi)化(hua)(hua);隨(sui)著(zhu)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)蒸(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)，發(fa)(fa)生器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)溴(xiu)化(hua)(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)增(zeng)加，進(jin)入吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)器(qi)(qi);水(shui)(shui)蒸(zheng)(zheng)氣(qi)進(jin)入冷凝(ning)(ning)(ning)器(qi)(qi)，被冷凝(ning)(ning)(ning)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冷卻水(shui)(shui)冷卻，然后冷凝(ning)(ning)(ning)成高(gao)壓低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)(ye)態水(shui)(shui);冷凝(ning)(ning)(ning)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)通過節流(liu)閥進(jin)入蒸(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)器(qi)(qi)時(shi)，迅速(su)膨脹汽(qi)化(hua)(hua)，汽(qi)化(hua)(hua)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)從(cong)(cong)蒸(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冷媒水(shui)(shui)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)大量(liang)熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)，從(cong)(cong)而達到冷卻制(zhi)冷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de);在(zai)此過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)水(shui)(shui)蒸(zheng)(zheng)氣(qi)進(jin)入吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)器(qi)(qi)，被吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溴(xiu)化(hua)(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)濃度(du)逐漸降(jiang)低，由循(xun)環泵送回發(fa)(fa)生器(qi)(qi)，完成整個循(xun)環。這(zhe)樣就不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)產(chan)生冷能。由于溴(xiu)化(hua)(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)稀(xi)(xi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)已經冷卻，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)較低，為了節省加熱(re)(re)(re)稀(xi)(xi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)，提高(gao)整個裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)效率，在(zai)系(xi)統中(zhong)(zhong)增(zeng)加了一個換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)，使流(liu)出(chu)發(fa)(fa)生器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)濃縮液(ye)(ye)(ye)和流(liu)出(chu)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)稀(xi)(xi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)進(jin)行(xing)熱(re)(re)(re)交換(huan)，從(cong)(cong)而提高(gao)進(jin)入發(fa)(fa)生器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稀(xi)(xi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)。溴(xiu)化(hua)(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)式(shi)制(zhi)冷機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)生器(qi)(qi)、冷凝(ning)(ning)(ning)器(qi)(qi)、蒸(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)器(qi)(qi)和吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)器(qi)(qi)可以設置(zhi)在(zai)一個氣(qi)缸(稱為單缸)或兩個氣(qi)缸(稱為雙缸)中(zhong)(zhong)

　　直(zhi)燃式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)溴(xiu)(xiu)化鋰吸收(shou)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)通過(guo)燃油(you)或(huo)燃氣直(zhi)接加熱(re)(re)。溴(xiu)(xiu)化鋰吸收(shou)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)與背壓式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)汽(qi)輪機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)相結合，利(li)用汽(qi)輪機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)排(pai)汽(qi)作為(wei)溴(xiu)(xiu)化鋰吸收(shou)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)加熱(re)(re)蒸(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)，不僅(jin)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)提高(gao)水蒸(zheng)(zheng)氣的(de)(de)利(li)用率，還可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)滿(man)足制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)、發電等多種需求。根據(ju)這一思想，設(she)計(ji)了溴(xiu)(xiu)化鋰吸收(shou)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和離心(xin)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)氟(fu)利(li)昂制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)。它利(li)用背壓式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)汽(qi)輪機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)直(zhi)接驅(qu)動離心(xin)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)壓縮(suo)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，并利(li)用其排(pai)汽(qi)加熱(re)(re)溴(xiu)(xiu)化鋰吸收(shou)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。這種機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)產生較大(da)的(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)量(liang)，也可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)在不同的(de)(de)蒸(zheng)(zheng)發溫(wen)度下產生冷(leng)(leng)(leng)量(liang)。這種機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)不僅(jin)經濟(ji)性好(蒸(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)消(xiao)耗率低)，而且具有良好的(de)(de)低負荷(he)特性，即(ji)在部分負荷(he)下仍能保持(chi)高(gao)經濟(ji)性。